Closed loop
A signal packet circulates the closed feedback loop while a disturbance kicks the error bar at the summing junction and the loop drives it back down.
CSS
Controlsys
15 animationsCovariance update
An uncertainty ellipse swells around the state estimate through each prediction step and collapses the moment a measurement is folded in, the trace bar below reading its area.
CSSDerivative term
A tangent stick scans back and forth along a rising process curve, tipping to the local slope while the rate gauge beside it reads the steepness it finds.
CSSError signal
A signed error bar swings either side of the zero rule in decaying oscillation and settles on a small steady-state offset inside the tolerance band, a side marker tracking its level.
CSSGain crossover
A magnitude asymptote rides up and down with loop gain while the crossover marker slides along the zero-decibel rule to wherever the two now meet.
CSSIntegral term
Riemann strips under a decaying error curve are swept in from the left and the accumulator column beside them rises by each strip's area in turn.
CSSLoop tuning
Three gain sliders for the proportional, integral and derivative terms drop to their defaults and are then driven to their tuned positions one after another.
CSSNyquist contour
A polar contour swells and shrinks about the plot origin as loop gain is swept, crossing over the critical point and encircling it at the top of the sweep.
CSSPhase margin
A dial needle swings between a comfortable phase margin and the edge of the danger tick while the accent arc behind it opens and closes to match.
CSSPole placement
A conjugate pole pair drifts across the s-plane from deep in the stable half toward the imaginary axis and back, the unstable half shaded behind it.
CSSProportional gain
An input amplitude bar feeds a gain triangle and the output bar on the far side swings three times as far against its own scale.
CSSSetpoint tracking
A process-value bar is knocked off its setpoint and climbs back to the setpoint rail while the gap bracket above it closes to nothing.
CSSState estimate
Noisy measurement crosses scroll through the plot window either side of the true state and the smoothed estimate trace rides through them a beat behind.
CSSStep response
A second-order step response retracts to the origin and redraws itself, overshooting the setpoint, ringing down and settling inside the tolerance band.
CSSTransport delay
A pulse runs the input lane and the same pulse reappears in the output lane one dead time behind it, the lag carried along between them by a caliper.
CSS