Accumulation stake
The snow surface builds against a graduated stake in four surveyed steps, cutting a mark at each, then melts back to the datum.
The snow surface builds against a graduated stake in four surveyed steps, cutting a mark at each, then melts back to the datum.
A segmented meter holds the fraction of light a snow surface returns, decaying as the surface ages and recovering on fresh snowfall.
A temperature log is run up a borehole, sitting on the dashed geothermal gradient at depth and leaving it for the warm side near the surface.
An ice-core section is read downward as time while a depth cursor steps from one annual band to the next and a tally records the years.
A crosshair rides the depth-age calibration curve from the surface down, the same step in depth buying an ever larger step in age as the curve flattens.
Marks travel along five flow lines at speeds set by the velocity profile and cross a flux gate whose profile bars hold the same numbers.
A dust flux log draws down the depth axis until one spike runs past the threshold rule and is flagged as a dating tie point.
The equilibrium-line rule climbs a glacier long-profile while the snowline marker rides up the surface and the accumulation-area ratio bar shortens.
A delta-O-18 trace is logged down a depth axis, swinging either side of the baseline as it records colder and warmer intervals.
Accumulation grows above the datum and ablation below it while the net rule settles at the difference, crossing the datum between a positive and a negative year.
Scattered proxy points are taken up left to right and the dashed uncertainty envelope closes on the fitted reconstruction as each one lands.
A scan crosses a series with a missing interval, the reconstruction bridging the gap with a dashed span while the error bar opens to its full envelope.
A year of ice extent is plotted round a dial against the climatological rings, with a hand sweeping the year and a rider stepping month to month along the trace.
A thaw front descends through a ground column, opening the active layer behind it and flagging the moment it passes a marked reference depth.
A sampling window steps along an ice section and each enclosed bubble adds a riser to the concentration step plot above it.