Pulsarby Business Nebula

Hydrology

15 animations

CSS Technical4.4–5.6s cycle

Aquifer recharge
Recharge percolates down through the unsaturated zone of a section and the water table lifts across the aquifer before relaxing back.
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Catchment runoff
Runoff travels down a dendritic channel network inside a catchment divide and gathers at the outlet gauge, which swells as each pulse arrives.
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Cone of depression
A pumping well draws a symmetric cone of depression into the water table, which deepens while the pump runs and recovers when it rests.
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Darcy flux
Two piezometers hold different heads across a soil sample and the head difference drives a dashed flux through it as the gradient steepens and eases.
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Flood return period
A record of annual flood maxima runs past a fixed design threshold and the years that exceed it stand out as the series advances.
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Flood routing
A flood wave crest translates downstream between an inflow and an outflow gauge, flattening as it is routed along the reach.
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Runoff ratio
A dial splits incoming rainfall between runoff and infiltration, the accent arc and its complement moving the boundary as the ratio changes.
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Stage-discharge rating
A gauging point travels up the fitted stage-discharge curve and back down it, its crosshair rules reading stage and discharge off the axes.
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Storm hydrograph
A storm hydrograph is traced by a bright window that climbs the rising limb, rounds the peak and slides away down the recession.
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Stream gauge staff
A graduated gauge staff stands in a channel section while the water surface rises sharply and recedes, a read pointer tracking the stage.
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Time of concentration
A parcel runs the longest flow path from the catchment rim to the outlet, crawling as sheet flow and accelerating through shallow concentrated and channel reaches.
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Tipping bucket
A tipping-bucket rain gauge fills one chamber, tips over its pivot and empties it while the other chamber takes over under the funnel.
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V-notch weir
Head builds over the crest of a V-notch weir and the wetted notch fills and empties while the head gauge pointer follows the pool surface.
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Velocity traverse
A current meter steps across a gauged channel section vertical by vertical, its velocity vectors extending to the profile measured at each station.
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Wetting front
A wetting front advances down a soil column and the saturated body behind it grows, then the profile drains and the front retreats to the surface.
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